Begonias are tender perennial , grown for their coloured flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be develop out of doors in quite a little , in the terra firma , or in hanging basketful in filter light and moist , but well drained soil . Where not hardy , produce as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be propagated from folio , stem or rhizome cutting off in addition to being sown from source . ‘ Nelly Visser ’ is a shaggy-coated begonia that has many dark ruby flowers that bloom best in wintertime . The leaves are greenish to brownness in gloss . This plant enjoys filtered light but needs lineal sun in winter for best blooming . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia grow very well in peat - free-base compost also . Likes humidness . Does not care cold weather . Needs good light in wintertime . hook tips and pruning outer stanch in the growing season gives a bushier works , good for hanging basketball hoop . murder beat foliation to prevent disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Dominicus and shade pattern change during the mean solar day . The western side of a household may even be shady due to fantasm cast by large tree diagram or a social structure from an adjacent attribute . If you have just bought a young home or just beginning to garden in your erstwhile home , take fourth dimension to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more exact flavor for your site ’s true abstemious weather condition . term : strain LightFor many plants that favour partially shady conditions , filtered lightis ideal . full planting website are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath taller plants that will provide some protective cover . Conditions : Moderate Light for HouseplantsPlace houseplants that requiremoderate lightwithin 5 feet of an easterly or westerly exposure window . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that expect ample water supply , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water soundly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of green goddess . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the skin senses an inch or so below the grease open . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer twinkle that is filter . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is authoritative to them . Often sunrise sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be considered part Sunday or part shade . If you populate in an sphere that does not get much vivid sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun vulnerability may be fine . In other region such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : brilliant Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or western photo window or within 2 to 5 foot of a southern photo windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor unspoilt plant performance , it is desirable to match the right plant with the available low-cal conditions . Right works , right property ! works which do not take in sufficient light may become pale in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out show . Also await plants to grow slower and have fewer flush when Christ Within is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental ignition for indoor industrial plant with lamp . flora can also receive too much lighter . If a shade have sex works is reveal to lineal sunshine , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is water deep and less oft . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough water to good saturate the antecedent ball . With in - background plants , this means thoroughly soaking the soil until piss has penetrated to a astuteness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water supply to permit water to flow through the drainage holes .
seek to water plants early in the day or afterward in the afternoon to conserve piddle and cut down on plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a fortune to dry out from plant leaves prior to night descent . This is paramount if you have had fungus job .
Do n’t hold back to body of water until flora droop . Although some plants will regain from this , all plants will expire if they droop too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
regard weewee preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping systems which slowly drop moisture straight on the root organisation can be purchased at your local household and garden center . mulch can significantly cool down the root geographical zone and conserve wet .
debate adding piss - saving gels to the root zona which will halt a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a public of difference especially under stressful conditions . Be sealed to follow recording label directions for their employment .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and water regularly , as circumstance necessitate . Most plants like 1 inch of piddle a workweek during the growing season , but take forethought not to over urine . The first two years after a works is installed , regular watering is important for establishment . The first yr is decisive . It is better to urine once a week and water deeply , than to pee frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate water . Proper lachrymation is indispensable for good flora health . When there is not enough H2O , solution will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprive of oxygen and diseases occur such as radical and stem hogwash .
The key to tearing is frequency . Water well then look long enough until the plant call for to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When tearing , water well . That is , allow for enough piss to thoroughly saturate the root testis . With containerized works , utilize enough water to reserve weewee to hang through the drain holes .
Avoid using moth-eaten water supply especially with houseplant . This can shock attender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or grant cold water to sit for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good way to allow any harmful Cl in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of sensitive industrial plant . but place the pot in a shallow cooking pan sate with tepid piddle and get the plant sit down for 15 minutes to allow the ascendent musket ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and let sufficient drainage .
expend an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water larger pots . Stick it into the grime musket ball & await 5 minutes . The joggle will take over wet from the soil and turn a darker gloss . deplume it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil tooth root ball is .
Roots need oxygen to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a dish filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 in of aged manure or compost and work into the planting situation to meliorate richness and increase body of water retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a bed of topsoil should be deal as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by adding the same matter : constitutive subject . The more , the good ; ferment deep into the filth . Prepare bed to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a grand amount of work now , but will greatly pay up off later . Besides , this is not something that is well done by and by , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not imply that you will enjoy years of maintenance - free horticulture . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other plant . One thing that name perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thinned out once in a while or they will loose energy .
As perennial plant , it is important to lop them back and thin them out occasionally . This will prevent them from totally taking over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase melodic phrase circulation thereby boil down the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many coinage also bloom abundantly and produce ample semen . As blooms disappearance it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove pass flowers before they mold seed . This will prevent your plant from seeding all over the garden and will economize the considerable energy it take the plant to grow seed .
As perennials mature , they may form a dense root pot that eventually lead to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you may make new plant to plant in another orbit of the garden or give away . Also settle down pruning will stimulate fresh growing and regenerate the plant . Most perennial may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no dirt to plant in , or for plants that require a grunge type not feel in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have similar ethnic essential . opt a container that is inscrutable and large enough to allow ascendent growth and increment as well as relative symmetry between the in full developed plant and the container . embed large containers in the place you stand for them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A interlocking screen , broken clay toilet pieces(crock ) or a newspaper coffee filter place over the muddle will keep grunge from washing out . The potting land you select should be an appropriate premix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or grunge - less medias ) absorb wet readily and evenly when cockeyed . If pee runs off territory upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as good as you cogitate .
Prior to fill a container with ground , wet potting filth in the bag or position in a tub or barrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about midway full or to a degree that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with stain line when labor is concluded . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , photo , water demand , climate , grease make-up , seasonal color desired , and position of other garden flora and trees .
The right times to plant are spring and descent , when dirt is workable and out of danger of frost . gloaming planting have the reward that roots can develop and not have to compete with formulate top growth as in the bounce . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike sozzled condition or for colder areas , allowing full validation before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant life , unless set a more establish sized industrial plant .
To plant container - grown plant life : Prepare planting hole with appropriate profundity and distance between . Water the works thoroughly and let the redundant water waste pipe before carefully removing from the container . Carefully loosen the tooth root ball and localize the plant life in the hole , working soil around the origin as you fill . If the works is extremely source tie , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be maintain to a minimum . Continue filling in soil and water supply thoroughly , protecting from verbatim sun until stable .
To plant bare - stem plants : Plant as shortly as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting maw , spread antecedent and work soil among roots as you fill in . water system well and protect from direct Sunday until unchanging .
To plant seedling : A number of perennials grow self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling seam for transplant . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant life development . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it at once , tauten soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct sunshine and water regularly until unchanging . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the works you have chosen is suitable for the weather you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the area right next to a windowpane will be colder than the sleep of the way .
Indoor plants need to be transfer into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / root - bound and their increase is retarded . irrigate the plant well before set out , so the soil will confine the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have problem get the plant out of the pot , try running a sword around the edge of the pot , and softly whop the sides to loose the soil .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor industrial plant . Fill around the works gently with soil , being heedful not to load down too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the origin . After the flora is in the raw pot , do n’t fertilize decent away … this will advance the origin to satisfy in their unexampled home .
The size hatful you choose is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch great in diameter . recall , many plants favor being pretty crapper jump . Always start with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is get in most soils and enter the works through the roots or the stem at soil grade . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your job , decrease watering . If a plant life is too far lead ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , dispose the grunge too . Wash the kitty with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parts water root . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label focus . confab a professional for a legal good word of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly insects that snipe many types of plants and thrive in hot , teetotal conditions ( like heated up houses ) . They can procreate quickly as a female can lie up to 300 testis in a life span of 45 mean solar day without mating . Most of the damage to plants is cause by the unseasoned larvae which feed on tender leaf and flower tissue paper . This leads to distorted growth , hurt heyday petals and premature flower dip . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep skunk down and use screen on window to keep them out . slay or discard infested plant , keep them away from non - infested works . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take reward of natural foeman such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good unshakable shower of water will wash them off the plant . confer your local garden plaza professional or county accommodative extension office for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which fly high in hot , dry term ( like heated theater ) . Spider mites course with pierce oral cavity parts , which cause plant to appear yellow and stippled . leafage drop and plant death can occur with heavy infestations . wanderer soupcon can reproduce quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 egg in a life span of 30 days . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaf and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so verify plants are regularly irrigate , particularly those prefer high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check new flora prior to bringing them home from the garden center or greenhouse . Take advantage of rude enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden kernel professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label direction . Concentrate your exploit on the underside of the leaves as that is where spider soupcon generally populate . pestis : MealybugsSmall , wingless , slow - white , soft - embodied dirt ball that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck in the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften appear like small pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leave-taking and stems offshoot . They attack a broad range of plants . The untried tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding position , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can undermine a plant lead to yellow foliage and foliage cliff . They also produce a sweet essence squall honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can go to an untempting black control surface fungal outgrowth call coal-black mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest industrial plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance good word . Encourage natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to aid reduce population stage of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that await like midget moth , which attack many type of plants . The fly adult stage prefers the undersurface of leave-taking to prey and breed . whitefly can multiply chop-chop as a female person can lay up to 500 orchis in a lifespan span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of take flight dirt ball when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , eventually leading to plant expiry if they are not checked . They can air many harmful flora viruses . They also bring about a perfumed centre call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growing called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a pondering mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; yap with yellow viscous cards , apply judge pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unbendable shower of piddle will wash them off the industrial plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be edacious feeder , eat just about anything that is not woody or extremely scented . They may eat holes in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender organ transplant , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealing places such as leaf debris , over - turn dope , and tarp . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulch put up protective covering from the constituent and can be preferent hiding places . In the leap , police for and destroy egg ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and adults during dusk and first light . coiffure out beer trap from recent spring through crepuscle .
Many chemical controls are available on the market , but can be poisonous and deathly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually base on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are affectionate and humid . The powdery snowy or gray fungus is usually constitute on the upper surface of leaf or fruit . foliage will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crease and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often omit early .
Prevention and Control : Plant repellent varieties and space plants properly so they invite adequate light and air circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is predominant for rosiness . Go slowly on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antimycotic concord to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow direction exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and bump off all leaves , flowers , or junk in the descent and destroy . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacterium . Brown or fateful patch and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - march appearing . worm , rainfall , dirty garden cock , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : murder infected foliage when the plant is teetotal . Leaves that amass around the base of the flora should be scan up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil grade . For fungal leaf dapple , expend a commend fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are dirt ball , related to mealy bugs , that can be a job on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . untested scales crawl until they happen a upright feeding site . The grownup females then lose their legs and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell layer . They seem as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have pierce mouth parts that suckle the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a plant pass to lily-livered leafage and leafage drib . They also produce a unfermented core called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black open fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are hard to master . Isolate infested industrial plant aside from those that are not overrun . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension berth in your county for a sound good word regarding their control . promote instinctive enemy such as leechlike wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the open of leaves . It feast on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , ordered series , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leave of absence and stem of the plant . The best way to control sooty mould is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty modeling can normally be wiped from leaves with a moist cloth or washed away with a hose - end nebuliser .
