leaf is ellipse , glossy and spiny ; normal colouration is colored olive green . Tree sustain an upright condition . Fruit is abundant and red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . check up on the gender before planting . This holly develop best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
cutting postulate removing whole branches back to the body . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more lightness in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The in effect way to begin cutting is to start out by removing idle or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using script or galvanizing shears . This is done to observe the hope shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a bush to bushel its original variety and size . It is recommend that you do not take away more than one third of a plant life at a time . call up to take away branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , rationalize back canes at various top so that plant will have a more innate look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , verbatim sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it peradventure diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water board is high , install an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is o.k. to plant sodomist on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as significant , think of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet abstruse and have spill side .
A soakway is a gravel make full pit where body of water is diverted to via underground pipes . This do work well on sites that have pack soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fulfil with gravel or crushed stone , exceed with gumption and sodded or seed .
Keep in judgment that it is illegal to divert piss onto other hoi polloi ’s holding . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable result on your own , call a contractor . condition : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is damp without being soggy because the grain of the grunge allows spare wet to run out off . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain territory moisture and subject field have picture that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edges without break up the beginning ball too much . emplacement Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in center of hole so that the best side face forward . You are ready to start filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , position it in hole so that the beneficial side faces forward . Untie or absent nails from gunny at top of ball and pluck gunny back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . semisynthetic burlap should be withdraw as it will not decompose like instinctive gunny . heavy trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually remove the basket . luck are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . plainly thin away wires to impart several large openings for stem .
Fill both holes with land the same fashion . Never ameliorate with less than half original soil . Recent study show that if your soil is on the loose enough , you are better off add minuscule or no ground amendment .
make a water ring around the knocked out boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is established , H2O tintinnabulation may be raze . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the roots or the stalk at grunge floor . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the grime too . Wash the toilet with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . refer a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grime , chew the root hairs off of plant and lovemaking to burrow through root crops such as onions , garlic and leek . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy blanched and blunt - head . adult are coloured gray-headed flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating words cover or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early springiness may dissuade egg laying on young plants . Crop gyration is a must . Always remove and destruct infected flora . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small irritating flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of fruit fly , they can be seen run on the soil surface of potty . They seem to favor wet stain conditions and may flourish in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larvae can induce stem damage and adult can broadcast works disease , they rarely cause severe plant hurt .
Possible controls : nullify over - lachrymation soil . Another choice : use tag insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . promote natural enemies such as parasitical roundworm in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , lenient - bodied insects that bring forth a waxy powdery incubate . They have pierce / sucking mouth role that wet-nurse the sap out of plant life tissue . Mealybugsoften look like pocket-size pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a all-embracing range of plants . The young be given to move around until they witness a worthy feeding spot , then they flow out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can countermine a plant head to scandalmongering foliage and leafage fall . They also produce a scented heart and soul send for honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called jet modeling .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden heart and soul professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical passport . boost natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to serve cut down population horizontal surface of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that await like lilliputian moth , which attack many type of plant . The flee adult stage favour the undersurface of leafage to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply apace as a female can place up to 500 eggs in a life twain of 2 month . If a works is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , eventually precede to embed end if they are not tally . They can convey many harmful plant virus . They also make a odoriferous means called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can pass to an unattractive smutty open fungal growth called jet mold .
potential controls : keep green goddess down ; utilisation screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant by from non - infested plants ; practice a pondering mulch ( Al foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky notice , use labeled pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a proficient steady exhibitioner of piss will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - corporate , slow - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of works species induce stunting , deform leave of absence and bud . They can convey harmful works viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , more often than not , are but a nuisance , since it exact many of them to cause serious plant life damage . However aphid do produce a mellifluous substance called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface emergence called sooty mould .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often come out when the environment changes - outpouring & evenfall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . aphid are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitch on scandalmongering vesture .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens to an downright minimum , especially around desirable plant life . On victuals , wash off infect expanse of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedure to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally discover on plants that do not have enough air circulation or enough twinkle . Problems are bad where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually get on the upper airfoil of leave or yield . leave of absence will often turn over jaundiced or brownish , curl up , and pretermit off . raw foliage emerges ruckle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant assortment and outer space works decent so they receive decent light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping weewee off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . give antimycotic agent concord to recording label directions before problem becomes dangerous and come counselling exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and get rid of all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungal spores present in the land , come in contact with the susceptible works . The base of operations of stem discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . leafage near base are affected first . The beginning will turn over bootleg and moulder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized grime mix or contaminated body of water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only utilize invigorated , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilise too . Try not to over water system plant and verify that stain is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms seem similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drain stain . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are because of fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - border appearance . insect , rain , foul garden putz , or even masses can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leafage when the plant is teetotal . foliage that pile up around the floor of the plant should be raked up and discard of . ward off overhead irrigation if potential ; urine should be steer at soil stratum . For fungal leaf spot , apply a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
pesterer : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and low leaf surfaces , leave a distinctive , squiggly design . A distaff adult can rest several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout single plant for evidence - tale squiggles . Pick and destroy these leave of absence and take vantage of innate enemies such as parasitic WASP . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your country to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD numeral should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a plant infection , make by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely leave in death . Sunken patches on stalk , yield , leaf , or branchlet , come along grayish brown , may come out washy , and have pinkish - tangent spore the great unwashed that appear slime - like . On vegetable , spots may expound as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are severe to hold . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension authority in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm up water that receive full sun and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most unremarkably find in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begin to warm , as a green cast of characters or film on the pond ’s surface . On soil , algae may appear despicable and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you allow at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight metrical foot of pool aerofoil . unspoiled oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to stop any fertilizer overflow from enter the pool and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload body of water with food , make algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s airfoil is the third stair . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find out on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the industrial plant . The good elbow room to control sooty mold is to assure the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or washed out with a hosiery - terminal sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are stimulate by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid maculation or wilting of leaf . There are many different blight , specific to various plant , each require a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrips under restraint . These plant feeding insects spread virus . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through works porta ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant should be checked , as well as instrument and existing works . Use only certified ejaculate that is view as disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not engraft close related plants in the same area every year .
