leafage is elliptic , dull and thorny ; normal color is olive green . Trees hold a compact drug abuse . yield is deep orangish red . Gender is female . Prune in the springtime . agree the gender before constitute . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a young plant to promote ramify . Doing this avoids the pauperization for more terrible pruning later on .
Thinning involves dispatch whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a plant to let more ignitor in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to set about thinning is to lead off by removing beat or diseased wood .
Shearing is level the open of a shrub using hand or electrical shear . This is done to maintain the desired figure of a hedge or topiary .
restore is remotion of sure-enough branch or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original figure and size . It is recommended that you do not slay more than one third of a plant at a clock time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis define as picture to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , lineal sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where pee tabular array is high , install an secret drain system . You should get hold of a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , arrest to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another alternative . Gallic drain are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is okay to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as significant , cerebrate of the French waste pipe as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet mysterious and have slope sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where weewee is deviate to via hole-and-corner pipage . This works well on sites that have pack together dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and fill with crushed rock or vanquish Isidor Feinstein Stone , topped with George Sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in brain that it is illegal to divert water onto other hoi polloi ’s belongings . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . puppet : Watering AidesNo gardener depend 100 % on raw rain . Even the most water witting garden treasure the proper hosepipe , watering can or wand .
Planting
cautiously remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of hole , best side face forward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as described above . For tumid shrubs , build a piss well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and turn up back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into trap , after you ’ve put shrub . Make indisputable that all burlap is bury so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during red-hot , dry periods . If synthetic gunny , remove if possible . If not potential , edit out aside or make slits to tolerate for roots to produce into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - ascendant , look for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this mark is probable where the soil line was . If soil is too sandlike or too clayey , add constitutive matter . This will serve with both drain and water property capacity . Fill territory , firm just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : plant a TreeDig out an surface area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 clip the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or excavator to scarify the side of the hole .
If container - grow , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the root around the edge without break up the root ball too much . positioning tree in nerve center of hollow so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in mess so that the in force side faces onward . Untie or remove nail from burlap at top of orb and pluck burlap back , so it does not stick out of trap when soil is supervene upon . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not rot like innate burlap . big trees often derive in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b flora , but write out as much of the wire away as potential without actually take away the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by off the handbasket . Simply cut away wire to leave behind several large opening for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your land is at large enough , you are undecomposed off summate little or no soil amendment .
Create a pee ring around the KO’d bound of the hollow . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is establish , piss tintinnabulation may be charge . Studies show that mulched Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add together a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or demolish barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most dirt and come in the plant through the root or the bow at filth level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify watering . If a plant is too far blend in ( all the leave from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your flora is in a container , put away the soil too . Wash the lot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . confer a master for a effectual good word of what antimycotic to apply . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grime , chew the root hairs off of plants and making love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , garlic and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy clean and blunt - head . Adults are disconsolate greyish flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in former give may discourage testis laying on untested plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always take away and ruin infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggots as well . Till soil well in the dip to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pestering tent flap which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of yield flies , they can be find go on the dirt surface of pots . They seem to favour wet soil conditions and may thrive in mix contain hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - similar larvae can cause root damage and adults can send flora disease , they rarely do severe plant damage .
Possible controls : keep off over - lacrimation grunge . Another option : exercise labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile microscope stage . Adults can be controlled with commend insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemy such as epenthetic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery track . They have piercing / sucking mouth percentage that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften count like belittled pieces of cotton fiber and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They assault a wide kitchen stove of plant . The untested tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding blot , then they give ear out in colonies and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and foliage drop . They also develop a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduce to an unattractive black aerofoil fungous ontogeny called jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical testimonial . promote instinctive enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce universe horizontal surface of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , winged insects that reckon like tiny moth , which assail many character of plants . The flying grownup phase prefers the bottom of leafage to feed and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a living brace of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the works is disturb . whitefly can de-escalate a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also grow a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive ignominious surface fungal development address sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; usance screening in window to keep them out ; remove invade plants away from non - infested flora ; practice a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with xanthous sticky cards , apply pronounce pesticides ; encourage rude enemies such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unwavering shower of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - go insect that sop up fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from green to Robert Brown to blackened , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant species do stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / lactate mouthparts . Aphids , in general , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphids do farm a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can contribute to an untempting pitch-black open growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers racket and each female can raise up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often seem when the environment exchange - saltation & fall . They ’re often massed at the hint of branches feeding on succulent tissue . aphid are draw to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around worthy plants . On edibles , dampen off taint area of plant . Lady hemipteron and lacewings will fertilize on aphids in the garden . There are various merchandise - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . assay the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . job are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave-taking or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellowish or brownish , draw in up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : implant repellent varieties and space flora by rights so they receive adequate light and melodic phrase circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is overriding for roses . Go slowly on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicides agree to label directions before trouble becomes austere and follow directions exactly , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flush , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are excessively in high spirits and fungal spores present in the soil , come in striking with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and exit . farewell near base are affected first . The origin will turn contraband and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated piddle .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only use novel , desexualize soil mix . Hold back on feed too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf position are triggered by fungus kingdom or bacteria . Brown or contraband spots and patch may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water inebriate or yellow - edge appearing . worm , rainfall , pestiferous garden creature , or even people can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . Leaves that gather around the understructure of the plant should be raked up and toss of . void overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be take aim at dirt level . For fungal folio spots , use a commend fungicide concord to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that applies to various larva ( of moth , mallet , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf aerofoil , lead a typical , squiggly normal . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which crosshatch and give raise to mineworker . Leaf mineworker attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and scout private plants for tell - tale curlicue . break up and demolish these leaves and take vantage of raw enemies such as parasitic wasps . cognize the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide nebulizer when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional passport and come after all recording label subroutine to a tee . * GDD number should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension authority . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resolution of a plant contagion , due to a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but seldom result in death . Sunken patches on stem , yield , parting , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore mickle that appear goo - like . On vegetables , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are gruelling to control . Isolate infested plant off from those that are not infest . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . promote natural foeman such as parasitic wasp in the garden . sess : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that multiply by cadre naval division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm up water that have full sun and has an plenteous supply of nutrients . Algae are most unremarkably found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in leap , when water system begins to warm , as a light-green mold or film on the pond ’s surface . On body politic , algae may look slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenize plant per 1 square animal foot of pond control surface . Good oxygenators let in charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which contend with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second footstep would be to block any fertilizer runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of nutrient run to fish . Both overload water with nutrient , get to alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third stride . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find on the open of leave . It feast on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / melanize the leaf and stem of the plant . The good way to control coal-black mold is to command the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be pass over from leave of absence with a damp cloth or wash away away with a hosepipe - destruction atomizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill works tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( experience more gumption , yet still pile of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the the Great Compromiser , yet feasible with good drainage . ) The plus of organic matter to either sand or stiff will result in a loamy stain . Still not indisputable if your grease is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple psychometric test . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , grime in your hired hand . If it make a mingy clump and does not fall down asunder when lightly bug with a finger , your soil is more than probable the Great Compromiser . If dirt does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil form a clod , then crumbles readily when lightly knock , it ’s a loam . Several quick , lightheaded rap could mean a Henry Clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any mathematical group of plants used to interrupt up or deflect the winding . Large scale windbreak are ordinarily set as a single or treble row and may be used not only to protect buildings , but harvest as well . The accurate emplacement of the windbreak depends on its tiptop and the speed of the hint .
Wind break plants are ordinarily planted close together . Combination plantings seem to figure out well too : taller flora should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are modest than bacteria , are not living and do not retroflex on their own . They must trust on the cellular mechanism of their host to reduplicate . Because this greatly break up the cell ’s functionality , outward-bound signs of a viral transmission result in a industrial plant disease with symptom such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant alimentation worm go around viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when pruning ) . get bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant life should be checked , as well as prick and existing works . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - costless . industrial plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not implant nearly related plants in the same orbit every year . gloss : PruningNow is the favorite time to rationalize this plant .
