As the yearly Asters differ from our wild Asters and were introduced from China , they should properly be make out as China - asters , Callistephus chinensis . From a violet colored Daisy - like prime with a icteric center , the China aster has been bred to assume a plurality of forms and colour . Previous to 20th century , the China aster was not look at a cut flower but was grow only for garden decoration . A few years later , with the product of the other sort , Queen - of - the market place , and the Comet and the branch China - asters , this flush began to exhibit its rapid growth , its long stems , and its large flowers .
The principal types of China aster popular for the garden may be sort out into two mathematical group : The flat - rayed or “ petal ” Asters and the tube-shaped or quilled Asters . Among the other are Queen - of - the - market , Early Wonder , Early Express , followed by the Royal group , then the King . Of these , the Tall Branching Asters , the Crego Giants ( an improved Comet ) , the American Beauty , California Giants , Heart of France , and the Ray are the most popular for cut flush , but all the other grouping - midget and improbable - are interesting for the garden . Notice instance below , which depicts some of the distinct types . Seed catalog number most of them in their various color .
A unexampled type of China aster promises to be included in every catalog , recognise as Sunshine . The flowers are 4 in to 6 inch in diam . The nub are quilled , golden in color , combine toward the exterior of the bloom into white . The outer petals are mauve , dark blue , dark red , and the more or less pastel tints - coral to silver lavender .
CUT FLOWERS . As a cut efflorescence the China aster is extremely popular and more often than not admire for its vividness - rose - pinkish , clean , reddish blue , over-embellished , crimson , light garden pink and lavender . The commercial demand is more for white and rose , the lighter pinks and purple are not as popular . It has splendid keeping qualities , but vase used for it should be thoroughly houseclean afterwards because of the scent , which is usually generated by China - aster prow kept for a farseeing time in water . It is well to take away all leafage from the part of the radical that will stand under water supply . A few cliff of formaldehyde will keep the water from becoming foul . The stem are long and in most cases inviolable enough to hold the heavy bloom upright . The flowers stand rocky usage , too , a timber greatly hope in blooms used commercially .
The keep up discussion apply to outdoor civilisation . Florists are grow China - asters more and more each yr in greenhouse in Summer . More perfect and long stemmed bloom modernise in greenhouse .
sow in particular date . The earliest are first sow Feb. 20 in a greenhouse . Second lot sown March 1 in the glasshouse or hotbed .
Crop for late bloom May 1 , in seedbed . This late sowing gives later blooms , which are more in demand and less susceptible to disease .
One troy ounce of seed contains 10,000 - 12,000 seeds ; at least 5,000 plants can be expected from this amount .
SOWING guard
1 . unsex seed with organic mercuric compound such as to forbid fore rot and damping - off .
2 . Where to Plant clean filth for seminal fluid sowing , i.e. , soilthat you are certain does not harbor diseases . Regarding the sowing of seeds , it is best to use a shallow flat . “ Seedlings will grow in ordinary garden soil to a size large enough to transplant ; but it is well to sum up one - fourth well - molder manure and enough gumption to prevent the soil from becoming severely . Fill the flat half or two - thirds full , body of water thoroughly , and finish replete with soil just moist enough to plow nicely . The wet soil in the bottom will supply enough wet so that the boxes will not have to be sparge until after the seedling are up . Sow the seed in run-in 2 inch apart , cover with all right George Sand and iron out firmly . ” Note the advice to water before sowing the ejaculate and to comprehend the cum with Baroness Dudevant .
YOUNG PLANTS.The seeds will germinate in a little over a week and the seedling should be kept in full brightness level , so that they may be sturdy rather than tall and leggy . When they need water give it , but do not sprinkle the plants each daylight , as this encourage the destructive muffle off fungus . As shortly as several true folio have get , the seedling should be transplanted to other boxes . Userich soil in the bottom of the flat and ordinary ground above as further protection against disease . Set the seedlings 2 to 3 inches apart .
push , too much piddle , or drouth will check the plant , and nothing lessens the future blooming quality of the plant as much as a hitch . If the young plant life are hold a niggling cool air each sidereal day , or if a cold skeletal frame is uncommitted so that they may be bit by bit hardened off , they will stand some frost when finally set out into the garden .
PLANTING . The dear grease for China - aster is a flaxen loam , but a cloggy soil will also produce good flower . If the spot where they are engraft has been manured and lime the old class , it is good than to put on manure just before setting out the plants . plant set in ironic weather should have the roots puddle .
Set the plants at least a pes apart . Where space is at a premium , the flora may be dress in beds and space 12 inch apart each mode . Keep them domesticate and well water . The feeding roots are normally near the Earth’s surface of the soil so that polish should be shallow .
shade . Regarding the blending of China - aster , inThe Florists ’ Review , observe that : originate China - aster under cloth shades is a great deal like growing Asters in the nursery , and there is always a question as to whether or not it pay . That depends , as with all other craw , on the form of crop you get and the kind of grocery store you have for the crop . There is no doubtfulness that it has its vantage . In the first place , the material shade off the plants from the heat of the sun , which is a big advantage with China - asters , and growing them under cloth has its advantage over growing them in the nursery , because the former method earmark more circulation and freer evaporation , reducing to a lower limit the danger of dampen - off and slow up the exploitation of fungus , which is so liable to tighten the yield of a crop develop under glass .
The supports for the spook should be put up just as shortly after the works are established as commodious Any width of bed may be covered and 1×2 - column inch baseball bat is heavy enough to utilize . We should rede using a frame around each layer any desired duration and in width anywhere from 20 to 50 feet , with meridian sufficient to clear up at least six base , so that a man can take the air under the frame for cultivation and for picking flush .
The use of side muslin ’s would bet on whether a agriculturalist is vex by beetles or other insects ( tarnished industrial plant germ and leafhopper ) . In some sections you’re able to not produce China - asters on account of mallet . If the muslin is put on early on enough and side cloths are used one will , of course , have protection from beetle such as can not be secure any other way . At any rate , the screening should be put on before the hot Sunday set in ; sure before the buds appear .
It does not pay to go to the disbursement of covering plants that will not take back the maximum yield for the plants that are cultivate . If an upright type of plant is used , such as Perfection , it will permit much closer spacing than if the branching type is used , and a swell many more flowers can be pick to the solid metrical foot . If I were grow Asters under cover ,
Or you could use the Dutch layer organisation and specify the industrial plant about 15 inch asunder each way , with an 18 - inch manner of walking every six feet . If crown of thorns - objet d’art are used every four or five feet and the muslin sewn together on the sharpness , the first length of the muslin being attached to the frame on one side , it can then he rolled over the entire bottom like an awning and drift back again at any time desired . Of course , it would have to be put on in overlapping sections as far as the length of the piece would be concerned , so that each 12 or 15 foot of distance could be rolled across severally .
The amateur can easily fill in China - asters by implant them among corn or setting them in a naturally partially shaded spot , although not one in which the food and wet is robbed by large Tree .
WATERING . When a method acting of irrigation is offer the heyday produce longer stems and are larger . So that overhead tearing is highly profitable to the commercial-grade grower who must not let his crop be ruined by a dry time of year .
INSECT ENEMIES.Tarnished plant bug . The tarnished plant bug is so small-scale that it would scarcely seem able-bodied to do much damage , but it is the most serious China - aster pest during the hot , dry weather . It punctures the growing tips of the plants so the growing is deformed and dwarfed . The flush spread one - sided so that when “ stung ” they are malformed . A tobacco spray and the dusting of the plant with airslaked lime or tobacco dust is often moderately effective in maintain the bugs in check , but as they are rapid fliers they are seldom killed or whole controlled . The bugs do not work in the shade so that sometimes the plants are not troubled when grown in the glasshouse , under Tree or when protect with cheesecloth screens .
cutworm , hopper . Cutworms disregard off the plant at the aerofoil of the soil . Grasshoppers eat the bloom and foliage . Spraying with arsenate of lead will help to control them , as will also poison bait .
bulla beetle , pitch-dark beetle . One of the worst pests of the flowers is the large fat - bodied , bluish - grim blister overhang . They appear about the metre of the mid - time of year efflorescence . In limited quantities , they can be jar into a can of kerosene . They drop as before long as touch or disturb . To prevent the infection becoming serious the plant may be spray from the startle with any spray , which contains pyrethrum excerption . This is superior to arsenate of lead .
kick lice . Some sickly China - aster are not diseased but are affected with root sucking louse which tire the strength of the plants , but which may sometimes be controlled by tobacco root word placed around the plant life . It is not safe to plant China - asters two successive twelvemonth upon land infested with these pests .
DISEASES . yellow . This is a disease , which cause one - sided flower , yellowish in color and farewell , which are favorable .
Yellows has proved one of the most baffling of plant diseases , it is hard to determine whether bacteria too small to be see even through a microscope were the cause , or whether the disease was due to some disturbed physiological circumstance with the plant .
As the China - aster was found to be in particular susceptible to yellowness , the Boyce Thompson Institute chose this plant for its series of intensive experiments , which have resulted in discovering what is believe to be the germ postman of the disease . Dr. L. O. Kunkel , plant life pathologist of the Institute , has prove that one sealed insect known as a “ leafhopper ” always transmits the yellow disease . Although it is not yet known just what the leafhopper transmits or how he does it , Dr. Kunkel feel that when a morbid plant life and a well one were imprisoned in a little glass house the contagion did not propagate from one to the other unless this special insect was present . Other louse of like specie were assay in the glass star sign ; but though they might hop and scurry from the sick industrial plant to the well one the latter never contract yellowness until the leafhopper was introduce .
One of the striking things about the transmission of yellow is its similarity to the transmission of yellow fever and malaria in man , which is effected by means of the mosquito . The Boyce Thompson experiments in this field are being stay on and it is potential that their results will contrive illumination upon human as well as plant diseases .
FromWisconsin Horticulturist .
PREVENTION.(1 ) Plants for setting out should be grown in the business firm or glasshouse . The leafhopper , which spreads the disease , does not live indoors , nor in proximity to buildings ; plants set near wall or building are more disposed to be devoid from the disease than if planted in the open .
The disease - free leafhoppers get the yellows virus by feeding on biyearly and repeated legion industrial plant . Several Mary Jane belong to the genera Sonchus , Erigeron and Chrysanthemum are some of the savage plant in which yellows most often top the Winter and in which it first appears in the Spring . Aster leafhoppers after feeding on such flora become disease mail carrier and hold back the computer virus as long as they live . The number of leafhoppers that feed on these wild weeds must be comparatively small . They impart the disease early in the Spring to a few annuals , such as the China aster , the Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiaefolia ) , and the Daisy Fleabane ( Erigeron annuus ) . Large numbers of youthful leafhoppers cover from the egg deposit in these morbid annuals . They feed on the diseased flora , become computer virus carriers , and when adult , spread yellows far and wide . There is evidence that the leafhoppers do not rove in large numbers over distances of more than a mile under average conditions of food for thought provision . Severe cases of yellows are local and happen where great numbers of louse have been reared on diseased plants .
( 3 ) After the plants are established outdoors , watch for the unity with leaves raise vertically ( like Cos Lettuce leave ) as these are infected plant and should be pull up and destruct .
( 4 ) Bordeaux assortment seems to repel the hoppers but its utilized is not of itself a guarantee of yellows free plants .
( 5 ) The leafhopper is only the spiritualist through which the disease is transmitted ; it carries it from a diseased flora to a hefty one ; therefore if we eliminate diseased plant , which includes certain green goddess , we decrease the probability of infection . China - aster grown in plot fence by educate flying field are less subject to severe infection than China - asters grow in the vicinity of grass , meadows , wastelands , or other weedy places . If we could screen the plants all through the grow season we might expect plant 100 percent disease - free .
Stem - rot . If the time of year has been a smashed one the stems of China asters almost in the blooming level often become black just at the surface of the filth . Gardens once infect often become so bad that it is best not to seek to arise China - asters in them for several year . The spore are carried over from year to year . The sprinkling of woods ash about the plants and the fumigating of the seminal fluid with a one percent solution of formaldehyde or the use of Semesan have been reported as effectual by some gardeners , while others have found no acceptable means of command .
Rust . Orange River - colored stack of rust fungus often appear on the underside of the leaves of plant , which may thereby be either checked or stimulated , into too active growth . Rusted plants of any sorting are rarely curable ; they must be pulled and burned . spray the young flora with Bordeaux mixture will forestall their infection . Note that the disease appear on the bottom of the leaf ; it is here only that crop-dusting will be effective .
Summary of Important Points .
1 . measured acculturation from the time the seminal fluid is sown prevents soften - off . 2 . break growth induce poor flowers and rust . 3 . blending flora prevent hurt from the tarnished plant hemipterous insect and yellowness . 4 . If plants are badly diseased , burn them and stop raise China - aster for a few year .
CALLISTEPHUS China - aster
( From Greek forbeautiful crown )
Information on 50 + one-year flower
